ภูเขาไฟ ที่กำลังปะทุ !!!!!!!!!!!

ช่วยคุณ Somsweet ตอบ

<table class="footcollapse11 border1" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%"><tbody style=""><tr><td width="11%">Log date</td> <td width="20%">Location</td> <td width="30%">Name of Volcano</td> <td width="10%">Status</td> <td>Volcano Number</td> <td>Volcano type</td> <td width="5%">Last erupt.</td> <td width="3%">Upd.</td> <td width="1%">Details</td> </tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>29.05.2012 04:14 PM</td><td>State of Washington, USA</td><td>Mt. Baker Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1201-01=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes </td><td>1880</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>29.05.2012 02:20 PM</td><td>Cordillera Central, Andes, Colombia</td><td>Nevado del Ruiz Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1501-02=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>
</td><td>No. 2</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>24.04.2012 02:51 AM</td><td>North Sulawesi, Indonesia</td><td>Mt Lokon Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>0606-10=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 1</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>23.04.2012 06:33 PM</td><td>Cordillera Oriental , Ecuador</td><td>Tungurahua Volcano</td><td>Volcano Eruption</td><td>1303-071</td><td>Submarine volcano </td><td>50 BC ± 10</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>18.04.2012 02:43 AM</td><td>Island of Thera, Greece</td><td>Santorini volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>0102-04=</td><td>Shield volcanoes </td><td>1950</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>17.04.2012 07:21 AM</td><td>Far-East, Russia [Asia]</td><td>Shiveluch Volcano</td><td>Volcano Eruption</td><td>1000-27=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2008</td><td>No. 1</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>17.04.2012 03:04 AM</td><td>Northern Volcanic Zone , Ecuador</td><td>Sangay Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1502-09=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2010</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>16.04.2012 05:02 AM</td><td>State of Puebla, Mexico</td><td>Popocatepetl Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1303-071</td><td>Submarine volcano </td><td>50 BC ± 10</td><td>No. 15</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>13.04.2012 04:12 PM</td><td>Cartago, Costa Rica</td><td>Turrialba Volcano, Turrialba County</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1405-07=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2010</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>12.04.2012 04:45 PM</td><td>Sicily, Italy</td><td>Mount Etna Volcano</td><td>Volcano Eruption</td><td>0101-06=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 1</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>11.04.2012 03:15 AM</td><td>Myrdalsjökull Icecap, Iceland</td><td>Katla Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1702-03=</td><td>Subglacial volcano </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 1</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>09.04.2012 05:51 PM</td><td>Sunda Strait, Indonesia</td><td>Anak Krakatoa Volcano</td><td>Volcano Eruption</td><td>0602-00=</td><td>Caldera </td><td>2009</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>05.04.2012 03:55 PM</td><td>State of Alaska, USA</td><td>Cleveland volcano, Aleuitan Islands</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1101-24-</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 2</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>03.04.2012 12:50 PM</td><td>New Hebrides, Vanuatu</td><td>Ambrym Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>0507-04=</td><td>Pyroclastic shield </td><td>2009</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>30.03.2012 02:48 AM</td><td>State of Alaska, USA</td><td>Cleveland volcano, Aleuitan Islands</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1101-24-</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>29.03.2012 03:10 AM</td><td>Sunda Strait, Indonesia</td><td>Anak Krakatoa Volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>0602-00=</td><td>Caldera </td><td>2009</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>27.03.2012 03:16 AM</td><td>Sierra Madre, Guatemala</td><td>Volcán de Fuego</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1402-09=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2008</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>27.03.2012 03:13 AM</td><td>Western Highlands, Guatemala</td><td>Santa Maria (Santiaguito) volcano, Quetzaltenango</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1402-03=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2008</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>26.03.2012 06:05 PM</td><td>Cordillera Oriental, Ecuador</td><td>Tungurahua Volcano</td><td>Volcano Eruption</td><td>1502-08=</td><td>Stratovolcano </td><td>2011</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td>26.03.2012 06:03 PM</td><td>States of Puebla and Morelos, Mexico</td><td>Popocatepétl volcano</td><td>Volcano Activity</td><td>1401-09=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes </td><td>2008</td><td>No. 0</td><td style="text-align:center"></td></tr> </tbody></table>

 

เตือนภัยระดับสีเขียว ของภูเขาไฟในคอสตาริกา เนื่องจากวัดการสั่นสะเทือนได้

<table style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(245, 246, 244); " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top" width="100%">2012-05-31 03:09:32 - Volcano Activity - Costa Rica

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " width="100%">
</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " width="25%">EDIS Code:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">VA-20120531-35271-CRI</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Date&Time:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">2012-05-31 03:09:32 [UTC]</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Continent:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Central-America</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Country:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Costa Rica</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">State/Prov.:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Province of Guanacaste,</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Location:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Rincón de la Vieja Volcano,</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">City:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Not confirmed information!
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " align="right" width="440"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top">Description:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top">The National Emergency Commission (CNE) on Wednesday declared a preventive “green alert” due to recent seismic activity at three volcanoes. “The CNE’s alert is supported by reports from technical and scientific agencies that note the volcanoes are in constant activity,” the commission stated. Emissions of gas at Rincón de la Vieja Volcano has seen significant volcanic activity. Despite the warning, access to the volcanoes will remain open to the public, but visitors must follow guidelines issued at each national park’s entrance.
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ยังไม่เห็นข่าวนะ แต่ข้อมูลของ super volcano อยู่ด้านล่างจ้า

อ้าวพึ่งจะเห็น Lake Toba เริ่มมีอะไรขึ้นอีกแล้ว พึ่งจะไปมาเดือนที่แล้วเอง :boo:

<table class="footcollapse8 border1" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%"><thead><tr><td class="es_header_long_def" colspan="9" align="left"> Supervolcanoes Monitoring System</td></tr> </thead> <tfoot><tr><td colspan="7"> </td></tr></tfoot> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td width="15%">Name of Volcano</td> <td width="1%">VEI</td> <td width="16%">Continent</td> <td width="14%">Country</td> <td>Location</td> <td>Last eruption</td> <td>Last activity</td> <td>Status</td> <td width="1%">Details</td> </tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lake Taupo</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>Australia & New-Zealand</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>North Island</td><td>~26,500 years ago</td><td align="center">..</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Lake Toba</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>Indonesian Archipelago</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>Northern Sumatra</td><td>~74,000 years ago</td><td align="center">08.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Whakamaru</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>Australia & New-Zealand</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>North Island</td><td>~254,000 years ago</td><td align="center">..</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Yellowstone Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>North-America</td><td>USA (Pacific Region)</td><td>State of Wyoming</td><td>640,000 years ago</td><td align="center">25.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Island Park Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>North-America</td><td>USA (Pacific Region)</td><td>State of Idaho</td><td>2.1 million years ago</td><td align="center">25.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">La Garita Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;">8</td><td>North-America</td><td>USA (Pacific Region)</td><td>State of Colorado</td><td>~27.8 million years ago</td><td align="center">No data</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Mount Tambora</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Indonesian Archipelago</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>Sumbawa Island</td><td>1815</td><td align="center">30.04.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Baekdu Mountain</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Asia</td><td>China</td><td>The border North Korea and China</td><td>~969 CE</td><td align="center">No data</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Kikai Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Asia</td><td>Japan</td><td>Osumi Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture</td><td>~6,300 years ago</td><td align="center">14.04.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Laacher See</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Europe</td><td>Germany</td><td>Rhineland-Palatinate</td><td>~12,900 years ago</td><td align="center">22.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Aira Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Asia</td><td>Japan</td><td>Island of Kyushu</td><td>~22,000 years ago</td><td align="center">22.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Campi Flegrei</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Europe</td><td>Italy</td><td>Naples</td><td>~39,280 years ago</td><td align="center">23.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Reporoa Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Australia & New-Zealand</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>Taupo Volcanic Zone</td><td>230,000 years ago</td><td align="center">..</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Mount Aso</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Asia</td><td>Japan</td><td>Island of Kyushu, Kumamoto Prefecture</td><td>~80,000 years ago</td><td align="center">..</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Long Valley Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>North-America</td><td>USA (Pacific Region)</td><td>State of California</td><td>~760,000 years ago</td><td align="center">31.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Valles Caldera</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>North-America</td><td>USA (Pacific Region)</td><td>Jemez Mountains, State of New Mexico</td><td>~1.12 million years ago</td><td align="center">..</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr> <tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255);" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Santorini Volcano</td><td style="background-color: #FF9900; color:white;text-align:center;">7</td><td>Europe</td><td>Greece</td><td>Island of Thera</td><td>1927</td><td align="center">29.05.2012</td><td style="background-color: #99CC00" align="center"> </td><td style="text-align:center;"></td></tr></tbody></table>

 

<table class="border" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="csik1">Details of Supervolcano </td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">VEI Index:</td><td>8</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Name:</td><td>Lake Toba</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Volcano ID:</td><td>0601-09=</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Country:</td><td>IDN</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Location:</td><td>Northern Sumatra</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Diameter:</td><td>~2,800 km�</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td class="itype2" width="15%">Last Eruption:</td><td>~74,000 years ago</td> </tr> <tr class="itype1"><td colspan="2" align="justify"> Lake Toba (Indonesian: Danau Toba) is a lake and supervolcano, 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres (1,666 ft) at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres (2,953 ft), the lake stretches from 2°53'N 98°31'E / -2.88°N. It is the largest volcanic lake in the world. In addition, it is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 74,000 years ago,[2] a massive climate-changing event. The eruption is believed to have had a VEI intensity of 8. This eruption is believed to have been the largest anywhere on Earth in the last 25 million years. According to the Toba catastrophe theory to which some anthropologists and archeologists subscribe, it had global consequences, killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

The Toba eruption (the Toba event) occurred at what is now Lake Toba about 67,500 to 75,500 years ago. The Toba eruption was the latest of a series of at least three caldera-forming eruptions which have occurred at the volcano, with earlier calderas having formed around 700,000 and 840,000 years ago. The last eruption had an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8 (described as "mega-colossal"), making it possibly the largest explosive volcanic eruption within the last twenty-five million years.

Bill Rose and Craig Chesner of Michigan Technological University have deduced that the total amount of erupted material was about 2,800 km3 (670 cu mi) — around 2,000 km3 (480 cu mi) of ignimbrite that flowed over the ground, and around 800 km3 (190 cu mi) that fell as ash, with the wind blowing most of it to the west. The pyroclastic flows of the eruption destroyed an area of 20,000 square kilometres (7,722 sq mi), with ash deposits as thick as 600 metres (1,969 ft) by the main vent.

To give an idea of its magnitude, consider that although the eruption took place in Indonesia, it deposited an ash layer approximately 15 centimetres thick over the entire Indian subcontinent; at one site in central India, the Toba ash layer today is up to 6 metres thick[9] and parts of Malaysia were covered with 9 m of ashfall.[10] In addition it has been calculated that 1010 metric tons of sulphuric acid[citation needed]was ejected into the atmosphere by the event, causing acid rain fallout.

The Toba caldera is the only supervolcano in existence that can be described as Yellowstone's "bigger" sister. With 2,800 km3 of ejecta, it was an even greater eruption than the supereruption (2,500 km3) of 2.1 million years ago that created the Island Park Caldera in Idaho, USA. The eruption was also about three times the size of the latest Yellowstone eruption of Lava Creek 630,000 years ago. For further comparison, the largest volcanic eruption in historic times, in 1815 at Mount Tambora (Indonesia), ejected the equivalent of around 100 km3 (24 cu mi) of dense rock and made 1816 the "Year Without a Summer" in the whole northern hemisphere, whilst the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State ejected around 1.2 km3 (0.29 cu mi) of material.

The subsequent collapse formed a caldera that, after filling with water, created Lake Toba. The island in the center of the lake is formed by a resurgent dome.

Landsat photo of Sumatra surrounding Lake Toba. Though the year may never be precisely determined, the season can: only the summer monsoon could have deposited Toba ashfall in the South China Sea, implying that the eruption took place sometime during the northern summer.[12] The eruption lasted perhaps two weeks, but the ensuing "volcanic winter" resulted in a decrease in average global temperatures by 3 to 3.5 degrees Celsius for several years. Greenland ice cores record a pulse of starkly reduced levels of organic carbon sequestration. Very few plants or animals in southeast Asia would have survived, and it is possible that the eruption caused a planet-wide die-off. There is some evidence, based on mitochondrial DNA, that the human race may have passed through a genetic bottleneck around this time, reducing genetic diversity below what would be expected from the age of the species. According to the Toba catastrophe theory proposed by Stanley H. Ambrose of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1998, human populations may have been reduced to only a few tens of thousands of individuals by the Toba eruption.

Smaller eruptions have occurred at Toba since. The small cone of Pusukbukit has formed on the southwestern margin of the caldera and lava domes. The most recent eruption may have been at Tandukbenua on the northwestern caldera edge, since the present lack of vegetation could be due to an eruption within the last few hundred years. Some parts of the caldera have experienced uplift due to partial refilling of the magma chamber, for example pushing Samosir Island and the Uluan Peninsula above the surface of the lake. The lake sediments on Samosir Island show that it has been uplifted by at least 450 metres[7] since the cataclysmic eruption. Such uplifts are common in very large calderas, apparently due to the upward pressure of unerupted magma. Toba is probably the largest resurgent caldera on Earth. Large earthquakes have occurred in the vicinity of the volcano more recently, notably in 1987 along the southern shore of the lake at a depth of 11 km.[15] Other earthquakes have occurred in the area in 1892, 1916, and 1920-1922.

Lake Toba lies near the Great Sumatran fault which runs along the centre of Sumatra in the Sumatra Fracture Zone. The volcanoes of Sumatra and Java are part of the Sunda Arc, a result of the northeasterly movement of the Indo-Australian Plate which is sliding under the eastward-moving Eurasian Plate. The subduction zone in this area is very active: the seabed near the west coast of Sumatra has had several major earthquakes since 1995, including the 9.3 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and the 8.7 2005 Sumatra earthquake, the epicenters of which were around 300 km from Toba.

On 12 September 2007, a magnitude 8.5 Earthquake shook the ground in Sumatra and was felt in the Indonesian capital, Jakarta. The epicenter for this earthquake was not as close as the previous two earthquakes, but it was in the same vicinity. Most of the people who live around Lake Toba are ethnically Bataks. Traditional Batak houses are noted for their distinctive roofs (which curve upwards at each end, as a boat's hull does) and their colorful decor.

<table align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="50%"><tbody><tr class="itype2"><td width="8%">Date</td><td width="5%">Time</td><td>Magnitude</td><td>Depth</td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-05-08</td><td style="background-color:white;">22:23:50</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.6</td><td style="background-color:white;">131.50 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-05-08</td><td style="background-color:white;">22:23:51</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.8</td><td style="background-color:white;">126 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-14</td><td style="background-color:white;">00:46:24</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.5</td><td style="background-color:white;">24.90 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-14</td><td style="background-color:white;">00:46:24</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.5</td><td style="background-color:white;">25 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-03-12</td><td style="background-color:white;">21:43:35</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.4</td><td style="background-color:white;">175 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-03-12</td><td style="background-color:white;">21:43:35</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.4</td><td style="background-color:white;">175.40 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-02-20</td><td style="background-color:white;">02:28:17</td><td style="background-color:white;">5.2</td><td style="background-color:white;">188.60 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2011-08-30</td><td style="background-color:white;">16:23:57</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.4</td><td style="background-color:white;">57 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2011-08-09</td><td style="background-color:white;">11:50:17</td><td style="background-color:white;">5.0</td><td style="background-color:white;">2 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2011-07-31</td><td style="background-color:white;">23:17:56</td><td style="background-color:white;"> 4.6</td><td style="background-color:white;">161 Km</td></tr></tbody></table>
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ข้อมูลล่าสุดที่มีคือ 25 พค 12 มีการสั่น 1.5 ริกเตอร์ ที่ความลึก 1.6 กม.

Latest seismic activity <table align="left" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3" width="50%"><tbody><tr class="itype2"> <td width="8%">Date</td> <td width="5%">Time</td> <td>Magnitude</td> <td>Depth</td> </tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-05-25</td><td style="background-color:white;">13:14:19</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.5</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.60 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-05-10</td><td style="background-color:white;">16:47:23</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.1</td><td style="background-color:white;">0.30 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-05-03</td><td style="background-color:white;">13:26:17</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.4</td><td style="background-color:white;">4.50 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-26</td><td style="background-color:white;">21:07:21</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.3</td><td style="background-color:white;">2.40 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-24</td><td style="background-color:white;">21:37:44</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.6</td><td style="background-color:white;">2.30 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-06</td><td style="background-color:white;">10:35:58</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.1</td><td style="background-color:white;">7.60 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-04-03</td><td style="background-color:white;">01:23:01</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.3</td><td style="background-color:white;">9.40 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-03-20</td><td style="background-color:white;">22:24:48</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.9</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.70 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-03-20</td><td style="background-color:white;">22:12:14</td><td style="background-color:white;">1.2</td><td style="background-color:white;">0.10 Km</td></tr> <tr><td style="background-color:white;">2012-03-20</td><td style="background-color:white;">21:58:10</td><td style="background-color:white;">2.1</td><td style="background-color:white;">0.40 Km</td></tr></tbody></table>

 

How BIG are Volcanic Eruptions?

Every year about 60 volcanoes erupt, but most of the activity is pretty weak. How do volcanologists measure how big an eruption is? There is not any single feature that determines the "bigness", but the following eruption magnitude scale - called the Volcanic Explosivity Index or VEI - is based on a number of things that can be observed during an eruption. According to this scale, really huge eruptions don't happen very often, luckily!

<center> <table border="1" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr><td bgcolor="yellow">VEI</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Plume Height</td> <td>Volume</td> <td>Classification</td> <td>How often</td> <td>Example</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">0</td> <td>non-explosive</td> <td>< 100 m</td><td>1000s m3</td> <td>Hawaiian</td> <td>daily</td><td>Kilauea</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">1</td> <td>gentle</td> <td>100-1000 m</td> <td>10,000s m3</td> <td>Haw/Strombolian</td><td>daily</td><td>Stromboli</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">2</td> <td>explosive</td> <td>1-5 km</td> <td>1,000,000s m3</td> <td>Strom/Vulcanian</td><td>weekly</td><td>Galeras, 1992</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">3</td> <td>severe</td> <td>3-15 km</td> <td>10,000,000s m3</td> <td>Vulcanian</td><td>yearly</td><td>Ruiz, 1985</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">4</td> <td>cataclysmic</td> <td>10-25 km</td> <td>100,000,000s m3</td> <td>Vulc/Plinian</td><td>10's of years</td><td>Galunggung, 1982</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">5</td> <td>paroxysmal</td> <td>>25 km</td> <td>1 km3</td> <td>Plinian</td><td>100's of years</td><td>St. Helens, 1980</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">6</td> <td>colossal</td> <td>>25 km</td> <td>10s km3</td> <td>Plin/Ultra-Plinian</td><td>100's of years</td><td>Krakatau, 1883</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">7</td> <td>super-colossal</td> <td>>25 km </td><td>100s km3</td> <td>Ultra-Plinian</td><td>1000's of years</td><td>Tambora, 1815</td></tr><tr> <td bgcolor="#DDDDFF">8</td> <td>mega-colossal</td> <td>>25 km </td><td>1,000s km3</td> <td>Ultra-Plinian</td><td>10,000's of years</td><td>Yellowstone, 2 Ma</td></tr><tr> </tr></tbody></table> <hr> </center>
อ้างอิงEruption Scale

 

เห็นด้วยอย่างยิ่ง แปลกใจมากทำไมมันดับแล้วแต่มีการสั่นไหวระดับ 4-5 ได้
ไม่รู้ปกติไหม

 

ภูเขาไฟในโคลัมเบีย เกิดการปะทุตั้งแต่ 29 พค

<table style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(245, 246, 244); " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top" width="100%">Situation Update No. 3
Posted:2012-05-29, 14:20:23 [UTC]
Ref.no.: VA-20120529-35245-COL

Situation Update No. 3
On 2012-05-31 at 08:31:59 [UTC]

Event: Volcano Activity
Location: Colombia Cordillera Central, Andes Nevado del Ruiz Volcano
Situation:

Residents in western Colombia woke to find their cities and towns covered in volcanic ash Wednesday (May 29) after an area volcano with a deadly past began spewing an ash cloud as high as 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) into the atmosphere. Local authorities raised the alert for Colombia's Nevado del Ruiz volcano from yellow to orange indicating an eruption was likely in the coming days or weeks, though not imminent. The volcano had been rumbling at high activity for several months and was just lowered to yellow earlier in May before returning to the elevated orange following internal earthquakes on Wednesday. The director of the Volcano and Seismology Observatory in Manizales, Gloria Patricia Cortez, said the area can expect more ash to come though experts say they are not expecting lava flows. "It is not strictly categorized as a large eruption but it is in the process of an explosion which is expelling ash. And given the direction of the wind and the dispersion seen in the first reports - we've seen confirmed reports of fine ash materials, relatively fine, in urban areas from the first few hours," Cortez said. Airports in Manizales, Pereira, Armenia and Cartago were all temporarily closed because of ash on the runways and the danger the volcanic material presents to engines. Health authorities have recommended the use of masks while in the streets, but have not cancelled classes at area schools or universities.The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupted in November of 1985 causing one of Colombia's worst natural disasters. The eruption caused major mudslides as volcanic debris mixed with melted snow from the volcanoes snow-capped peak burying the town of Armero and killing more than 25,000 people
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<table style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(245, 246, 244); " border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top" width="100%">2012-06-08 17:16:43 - Volcano Activity - Guatemala

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " width="100%">
</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " width="25%">EDIS Code:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">VA-20120608-35376-GTM</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Date&Time:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">2012-06-08 17:16:43 [UTC]</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Continent:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Central-America</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Country:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Guatemala</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">State/Prov.:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Sierra Madre,</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Location:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Volcán San Pedro,</td></tr><tr><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">City:</td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; ">Not confirmed information!
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " align="right" width="440"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top">Description:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: 0px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; " valign="top">An earthquake swarm with possibly hundreds of small quakes has been detected at Chile's San Pedro-Pellado (or Tatara-San Pedro) volcano. Not many details about this activity are available and reports are in parts contradictory, as the Eruptions Blog who brought this to our attention points out. There is little known about the eruptive history of the volcano except that it most likely has erupted during the past 10,000 years and can be considered an active volcano. Any reawakening would thus mark its first historic eruption, something that would remind what has happened at Chaitén volcano in 2008.
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ภูเขาไฟในนิวซีแลนด์เริ่มมีการปะทุ หลังจากสงบเงียบมาหลายสิบปี

Situation Update No. 1
On 2012-07-23 at 03:22:12 [UTC]

Event: Volcano Activity
Location: New Zealand Northland Mount Tongariro Volcano


Situation:

Mt Tongariro's alert level remains at level one, despite earthquake activity below the volcano falling over the weekend. The volcanic alert level was lifted for Mt Tongariro after a series of small earthquakes were recorded beneath the central North Island mountain on July 13. They died down but flared up again on July 18 and increased in frequency on Thursday and Friday. GNS vulcanologist Brad Scott said the small earthquakes were all below magnitude 2.5, but the increased activity appeared to have slowed over the weekend. Scott said although the quakes were small, Geonet had increased monitoring due to their frequency. Latest earthquake drum charts showed some movement over the weekend, but Scott said it was not significant and was most likely caused by rough weather. "It goes to show how sensitive the instruments are. Whenever there is rough weather the signal gets transferred through the ground and it does show in the charts." Seismic data had shown that small volcanic earthquakes were common at Mt Tongariro, but usually only occurred at an average rate of two per year. More than 20 had been recorded since July 13. Seismic activity indicating unrest was last detected on the mountain during 2001. "Our routine volcano monitoring also includes the chemistry of the lakes, springs and fumaroles on Tongariro,'' Scott said. GNS Science had upgraded the volcanic alert level from zero to one, which meant activity had risen from "typical background surface activity". Level two signalled minor eruptive activity and level five indicated a large hazardous eruption in progress. Mt Ruapehu and White Island each have an alert level of one. The aviation colour code was also upgraded for Mt Tongariro from green to yellow, meaning the volcano was experiencing signs of elevated unrest above known background levels. Mt Tongariro was made up of multiple volcanic cones constructed over a period of 275,000 years. There have been five reported eruptions from Te Mari craters and Red Crater between 1855 and 1896 and these have since been dormant.

 

<table style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204); margin-bottom: 5px; display: table; " border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" height="1166" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="margin: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; background-color: rgb(153, 153, 0); font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(255, 255, 0); text-align: center; " align="center" bgcolor="#999900" width="99%">

Volcano Activity Is​

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On The Increase ​

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by Mitch Battros - Earth Changes Media

The following volcanoes have either been raised in alert level or have maintained their alert status over the last 72 hours.

The four-tiered Volcano Alert Level uses the terms: Normal, Advisory, Watch, Warning. The Volcano Alert Levels are intended to inform people on the ground about a volcano's status and are issued in conjunction with the Aviation Color Code. Notifications are issued for both increasing and decreasing volcanic activity and are accompanied by text with details about the nature of the unrest or eruption and about potential or current hazards and likely outcomes.

Alert Level=Normal Aviation Color Code=Green

Alert Level=Advisory Aviation Color Code=Yellow

Alert Level=Watch Aviation Color Code=Orange

Alert Level=Warning Aviation Color Code=Red


'Cumbal' (Columbia) - Variable amounts of gas emissions, mostly steam, were observed in the web camera located in Cumbal town (9 km SE) during periods of clear weather, which occurred during 20-21 July. The emissions originated from fumarolic fields located in the main crater on the NE side of Cumbal and Mundo Nuevo crater on the SW side.
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'Galeras' (Columbia) - Gas emissions, observed by a network of video cameras, contained ash almost daily. Sulfur dioxide levels fluctuated. On 18 July observatory staff working near the crater reported a strong sulfur odor and fine ash falling on the upper N flank. Ashfall was also reported to the N in the Quebrada Maragato area.
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'Ijen' (Eastern Java) - Although weather conditions at Ijen often prevented views of the volcano during 1-24 July, white plumes were occasionally observed rising 50-100 m above the crater. Seismicity indicated unrest, and along with visual observations, prompted CVGHM to raise the Alert Level to Orange.
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'Batu Tara' (Indonesia) - Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported that ash plumes from Batu Tara rose to an altitude of 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 45 km W during 22-23 July and 110 km N and NW on 24 July. Alert Level Orange.
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'Cleveland' (Alaska) - Elevated surface temperatures from Cleveland were detected in satellite images during 18-20 July. Images revealed nothing unusual during 20-22 July. Cloud cover mostly prevented observations during 22-24 July; a steam plume rose from the crater on 23 July. The Volcano Alert Level Orange.
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'Nevado Del Ruiz' (Colombia) - The Observatorio Vulcanológico and Sismológico de Manizales reported that during 22-24 July low levels of tremor were detected at Nevado del Ruiz, possibly associated with continuing gas and ash emissions. Satellite imagery and ground-based observations on 22 July showed high levels of sulfur dioxide emissions. The Alert Level Orange - "eruption likely within days or weeks".​

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Popocatepetl (Mexico) - During 18-23 July seismicity at Popocatépetl indicated continuing gas-and-ash emissions; cloud cover prevented observations during most of this period. Incandescence from the crater was periodically observed and sometimes increased with accompanying emissions. A steam-and-gas plume rose from the crater on 19 and 24 July, and ash-and-gas plumes were observed on 20 and 22 July. Activity increased for a period during 20-21 July; incandescent tephra was ejected 500 m above the crater and ashfall was reported in Ozumba (18 km W). The Alert Level Yellow.


Hidden Rift Discovered Beneath West Antarctica

Scientists have discovered a one mile deep rift valley hidden beneath the ice in West Antarctica, which they believe is contributing to ice loss from this part of the continent. Where there are rifts, there are mountains. Where there are mountains, there are volcanoes. Where there are volcanoes, there is the warming of oceans.
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When the Earth's core heats up, mostly due to gravity and magnetic flux, it produces magma which finds its way via channels to the Earth's mantle. As a result of this process, ocean waters will warm. The West Antarctica rift (or trench) now known as the Ferrigno Rift - is most likely the source of this regions ice melt. One could surmise a direct correlation between the Sun's solar cycles and increased or decreased submarine volcano activity.
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Increased activity seen at volcanoes in Italy and Mexico


Volcano Discovery
Tue, 07 Aug 2012 13:46 CDT



Strombolian eruption from Etna's Bocca Nuova on 5 Aug

News have been dominated by Tongariro volcano's first eruption in 115 years (New Zealand). At the moment, the volcano is quiet, but eruptions could resume any time.

Etna (Italy): Strombolian activity continues at varying levels. Following a phase of weak activity during 4-6 Aug, an increase of activity was observed at the Bocca Nuova during the night 6-7 Aug.

Also in Italy, the activity at Stromboli (Eolian Islands) has been at relatively high levels over the past days. The number and size of explosions from the summit vents has increased.

Popocatépetl in Mexico: About 1 explosion occurs per hour, and strong glow is visible at night. A relatively powerful eruption late on 6 Aug sent ash to up to 30,000 ft (10 km) altitude.

The volcanoes in Guatemala have shown little changes in activity over the past days.

Fuego volcano has intermittent weak strombolian explosions throwing lava up to 100 m above the crater, and the lava flow on the south flank is still active.

Santiaguito / Santa Maria (Guatemala): Weak to moderate explosions occur regularly and produce ash plumes up to 900 meters high. Avalanches of lava blocks descend on the south flank of the dome. Lots of seismic activity is visible on the seismograms, most of it related to rockfalls. Some tremor and shallow volcanic quakes and weak degassing are the only signs of activity reported from Pacaya.

In Colombia, there are currently 1 volcanoes on orange alert (Ruiz)(eruption warning) and 4 on yellow (unrest):
Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) shows tremor, associated with gas and minor ash emissions at low level. A shallow M1.2 earthquake occurred at 3:11 (local time) near the Arenas crater. INGEOMINAS keeps a close watch of the volcano.

Compared to the previous week, the seismicity at Galeras has increased and shows events related to fluid movements within the volcano. Few weak earthquakes with magnitudes less than 1.1 related to fracturing of rock occurred at shallow depths (less than 4 km) at various locations under the volcano.

Seismicity at Cerro Machin volcano remains at slightly elevated levels with some weak earthquakes SE under the lava dome at depths between 3.5 and 5 km.

At Cumbal volcano, seismicity is still above background levels, but has has decreased. Signals are interpreted as fluid movements under the volcano.

Nevado del Huila The volcano shows normal seismic activity and degassing at low levels with no significant changes to previous weeks. INGEOMINAS keeps the alert level at yellow.

Ecuador:
Tungurahua volcano: Activity remains generally at relatively low levels. Few small to moderate explosions (about 3-5 per day) and weak steam and ash venting continue at Tungurahua. The last reported ash cloud altitude was at 18,000 ft (4.5 km) from an explosion on 6 Aug.
This morning, a more intense phase with volcanic tremor is visible on the seismograms.

Reventador volcano: IG reports a strong steam plume rising 1500 m above the summit, but does no more mention any active lava flow.

Sangay volcano: No recent reports of eruptions from remote Sangay are available, but this might simply incidate that its typical strombolian eruptions are too small.